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Teeth whitening procedures are very costly. However, there are several alternative ways by which you can whiten your teeth. Most of these procedures are very simple and you can follow them by using ingredients that are easily available in your home.

Here is some ways to whiten your teeth at home…

Table salt: Table salt is very effective in cleaning and whitening your teeth. In fact, table salt is still used in many countries for brushing teeth. Before modern toothpaste was available, salt was commonly used to brush teeth. Salt is an abrasive and so is very effective in removing plaque and stains from teeth. You can use table salt by sprinkling it on your toothbrush and brushing your teeth as usual. You may have to wait for one week before you’ll see positive results. However, it is usually very effective.

Baking soda: Baking soda is another excellent at-home teeth whitening option. To use baking soda, take a pinch of it and make a paste by mixing it with a few drops of water. Use this paste on the toothbrush and brush your teeth. You may have to use it at least two times a day for results to visible faster. You can also add a few drops of lemon juice for better results. Some people also use hydrogen peroxide along with baking soda. It provides even better results.

Apple cider vinegar: This is very effective in removing stains and discolorations from your teeth. To use it, take a few drops of it and apply to the teeth. Massage gently using your fingers. Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water. You may have to repeat the procedure at least two times a day for one or two weeks to see positive results.

Maintain proper oral hygiene: One of the leading causes of teeth discoloration is bacterial action. Maintaining proper oral hygiene will get rid of the bacteria from your mouth and improve the appearance of your teeth. If you have minor discolorations, these can be removed by properly brushing your teeth. If you believe that your brushing technique is not proper, you can approach your dentist for instructions and advice.

Follow other precautions: Certain foods are known to cause teeth discoloration. These foods include tea, coffee, wines and chocolates. It is best to avoid these foods. Rinsing your mouth thoroughly after consuming these foods will also have better results. You should also avoid smoking as it is a leading cause of teeth discoloration. ]]> http://www.besthealthsecret.com/five-practical-tips-to-whiten-your-teeth-at-home/feed/ 0 http://www.besthealthsecret.com/how-can-you-protect-yourself-from-serious-food-and-water-borne-diseases-when-you-travel-on-vacation/ http://www.besthealthsecret.com/how-can-you-protect-yourself-from-serious-food-and-water-borne-diseases-when-you-travel-on-vacation/#comments Mon, 26 Apr 2010 12:11:09 +0000 Admin http://www.besthealthsecret.com/?p=535 There are a number of very serious diseases that are caused by contaminated food and water. Some of these major diseases are dysentery, which can be preceded by traveler‘s diarrhea, hepatitis A, cholera, and typhoid. These diseases are very prevalent in third world countries, however, people can contract them even in their own home town. Here is some information that can help you lessen the chance of getting these diseases when you take a tropical holiday.

What precautions can you take to reduce the chance of contracting these serious diseases when you travel?

Drink only bottled water when you are on holidays. Check to make sure that the seal of the cap has not been broken. If it shows any sign of being tampering with, do not drink the water. In many third world countries, it is not uncommon for some street vendors, children, or restaurants to fill water bottles with tap water and offer them to tourists as authentic bottled water.

Ice cubes can be another major source of contaminated water. Unlike bottled water, there is no way that you can determine if the ice cubes in your drink were made from a non-contaminated source of water. Unless you know for sure the restaurant, or drinking establishment you are at has an impeccable reputation, you should not use ice cubes in your drinks.

When you are on a tropical vacation it is advisable to avoid eating any uncooked foods such as salads as they are another major source of these diseases.

How do people usually contract traveler’s diarrhea?

Traveler’s diarrhea is usually caused by contaminated food or water, but it can also be caused by stress or a change of location when traveling. Some symptoms are gas, nausea, upset stomach, cramps and a liquid stool.

What should you do if you get traveler’s diarrhea?

You should drink a lot of purified water and soda or pop to prevent dehydration. These symptoms usually subside within two or three days, if these symptoms persist or get more severe, you should get medical help immediately as you may have one of two more serious conditions, bacteria, or amoeba dysentery.

What are some of the symptoms of dysentery?

Severe headaches, a high fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, blood and/or mucous in the stool are the usual symptoms of both bacteria and amoeba caused dysentery. Both types of dysentery can be very serious medical conditions if left untreated. You must seek medical help as soon as possible.

What is the difference between hepatitis A and B?

Hepatitis A is a highly infectious disease that is spread through contaminated food and water (including ice cubes). Hepatitis B is spread in the same way that the HIV virus is spread, by infected blood or body fluids through sexual contact, a transfusion, or a cut or break in the skin. Both diseases have similar symptoms which may include a fever, chills, headaches, feeling fatigued, aches and pains, nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps, lack of appetite, dark colored urine and light colored feces. Jaundiced skin and yellow whites of the eyes are also common symptoms. If you get some, or all of these symptoms you must seek medical help as soon as possible. However, as a precaution, it would make sense to see your local health authority before you travel on vacation and get vaccinated against both of these diseases. Remember that your first line of defense is to get vaccinations to protect yourself against hepatitis A and B before traveling.

It is advisable to check with your local health authority to find out if you need to be vaccinated prior to leaving on your trip. Some countries you plan to visit may require an up to date vaccination certificate. Even if they don’t, it still makes good sense to be vaccinated as hepatitis A is a highly infectious disease. Hepatitis B can lead to AIDS. Both diseases attack the liver. There is a vaccination called Twinrix which protects you from both hepatitis A and B. You can find out more about this vaccination at Twinrix.com.

What should you do if you get cholera?

Cholera causes diarrhea, which can lead to very severe dehydration and possibly death. This disease is transmitted through contaminated food and water. As immunization is not considered effective, you have to practice good hygiene.

How can you protect yourself against getting typhoid?

Typhoid is a disease that is also contracted through contaminated food and water. You should be immunized for typhoid if you are traveling to countries where the sanitation is poor.

When booking a flight, it is a good idea to make reservations for yourself and your pet as early as possible. You must let the airline know that you want to bring your pet with you. It is very important to tell them, as they will only allow a limited number of pets on each flight. Some airlines do not allow pets at all, especially on international flights. Always confirm your flight the day before you leave on your trip. If you are traveling internationally you need to confirm your reservation seventy-two hours before you go.

Before you fly into the wide blue yonder with your furry travel companion, you need to take him or her to the veterinarian for a checkup, to make sure he or she is healthy enough to travel. You will also need to take its health certificate with you, showing that your pet is up-to-date on all its vaccinations, including rabies. Your pet must wear its current vaccination tag when traveling. As well, your pet must meet the health regulations of every country that you will be traveling to. Bring along a copy of your pet’s medical records listing its allergies, chronic medical conditions, and medications.

If you haven’t done this already, you should get your pet micro-chipped. That way, if your pet gets lost and is taken to an animal shelter or vet, where its chip can be scanned, you both can be reunited. Keep in mind that your pet’s identification tag will have your home address and phone number on it. That won’t be of much help if your pet is lost while you are on vacation. It may be a good idea to get another tag made up with your destination address and phone number on it. What happens if you pet isn’t found until after you have returned from your vacation? It makes sense that you should leave both your home I.D. tag on your pet as well as attaching the new tag. That way you have all bases covered and stand a better chance of being reunited with your pet.

You should carry a photo of you pet with you when you’re traveling. It will help you prove that you are the rightful owner if any problems of ownership occur. Also, the photo can be used to make up flyers to post in the area where your pet was lost.

Flying with pets that are too large to fit into a FAA approved pet carrier is not advisable as they will have to be stowed in the cargo hold. Putting your pet in the cargo hold can be traumatic and dangerous to your pet’s health. It would make far more sense to leave your pet with friends, or a pet sitting service for the duration of your vacation.

The American Veterinary Medical Association advises against sedating or tranquilizing your pet when flying, especially dogs. Dogs regulate their body temperature by panting, so if they are tranquilized, they may not be able to pant. If this happens, it can leave them defenseless against the fluctuation of temperature and air pressure that occurs in the cargo hold of every flight. Also, keep in mind that pets don’t enjoy flying, or being stuffed into a cramped kennel and left alone in a dark and desolate cargo hold. It must be terrifying for them.

There are a number of websites that give additional valuable information regarding traveling with your pet. Two outstanding sites are the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) at aspca.org, and the Federal Government’s Department of Agriculture at aphis.usda.gov, which has an excellent article entitled, Traveling With Your Pet.

If you want a great travel carrier for your small pet, you may want to consider the popular, FAA approved pet carrier, Sherpa On Wheels. This Cadillac of pet carriers can be a luxurious and comfortable home for your pet while flying. It has the convenience of a front and top entry, mesh ventilation panels, recessed wheels, as well as a detachable pull handle and a shoulder strap. It is available on line at SherpaPet.

By :  Dorothy Yamich

by: Ann C.Jorn, Ph.D.

Some medical practitioners have the idea that psychological problems predict the development of chronic pain. To date , however, the research does not support this idea (Kuch, 2001 Clinical Journal of Pain, Vol 17, No. 4). The largest link between psychological problems and chronic pain is a history of trauma in a persons life. The study of trauma and its affect on human health is a growing area of study. Essentially the thought is that in some way trauma affects how the body processes stress. But it is unclear exactly how the two relate. Most likely it will take years of research to figure this out. What is important is for doctors to not assume that if the patient just receives therapy for trauma the patient’s pain will be cured. Or to label the patient as a “psych” case.

In short there is no evidence to prove that mental health problems predict the development of chronic pain. That is not to say that emotional problems do not affect how one copes with chronic pain. Of course it does. But it is also important to understand that chronic pain can cause emotional problems, especially depression. In fact, the pain centers of the brain actually involve the emotional centers of the brain. So in the brains effort to help a person with pain it uses some of the chemicals designed to manage one’s mood. Also, if a person has a history of depression before the development of chronic pain, it is likely their depression will worsen. These people may need an increase in their depression medication. In that chronic pain definitely has an emotional impact, it is considered the the best treatment of a chronic pain condition involves psychological counseling with a provider with expertise in treating people with chronic pain.

Dr. Jorn is an expert in the psychological treatment of those who suffer from chronic pain. She is also an expert in the cognitive behavioral therpay of Rational Emotive behavior Therapy. http://rebtberkshires.com Helping People Live Successfully with Chronic Pain

See more:

Snakes whose venom could save your life

12 Bizarre Phobias Of Animals

Phobia which significantly affects quality of life

Many foods (bananas, asparagus, carrots, avocados) are considered aphrodisiacs because they resemble the penis or testicles. Oysters resemble a vagina.

Bananas

This shapely and nutritious fruit is a complete meal, loaded with potassium, magnesium and B vitamins. For a sweet overindulgence, try a banana milkshake made with ripe bananas, milk and honey. The combination will calm your stomach and re-regulate your blood sugar. It also contains chelating minerals and the bromelain enzyme, said to enhance the male libido—maybe that’s why Central Americans drink the sap of the red banana as an aphrodisiac, while Hindus regard it as a symbol of fertility. A banana left on a doorstep indicates that a marriage is about to take place. Bananas made an early appearance in the Garden of Eden; according to Islamic myth, Adam and Eve covered themselves not with fig but banana leaves.

Avocado

It could be the sensuous pear shape or the rich flavor of the fruit that gives avocado its aphrodisiac reputation. Avocados are voluptuous and feminine shape, but they have also been associated with male sexuality. The Aztecs called the avocado tree “Ahuacuatl,” or “testicle tree.” The ancients thought the fruit hanging in pairs on the tree resembled the male’s testicles. The Spanish, in fact, found avocados so obscenely sexy, that Catholic priests forbade them to their parishioners. The creamy fruit is especially good for pregnant women due to its high content of folic acid, as well as vitamin B6 and potassium. They are also said to boost immune function. Whether added to salad, pureed in soups or chopped into the perfect bowl of fresh guacamole, the sea-green treat is perfect on your Valentine’s table.

Honey

Honey is also known as the nectar of Aphrodite. Sticky, runny, viscous, butter-texture, deliciously sweet, honey it is as much a sensual experience as it is a delicious indulgence. Honey is one of the most seductive foods available worldwide and as it is a form of sugar provides sustained high energy. Being easily metabolized and rich in B-vitamins, enzymes and amino acids it helps to pump the energizers through your system. Honey is made through pollination and is a symbol of procreation. The word “honeymoon” got its name from mead, an alcoholic beverage made from honey, which was given to the happy couple.

Pine Nuts

Zinc is a key mineral necessary to maintain male potency and pine nuts are rich in zinc. Pine nuts have been used to stimulate the libido as far back as Medieval times. Pine nuts have been used in love potion for centuries. Even Ovid the Roman Poet cites Pine Nuts as an effective Aphrodisiac. It is the high content of Zinc that makes Pine nuts worthy of being called an Aphrodisiac! Pine nuts are high in zinc, which stimulates the libido. A lack of zinc can cause infertility and impotence. They also contain a compound called boron which stimulates brain activity.

Figs

Said to be Cleopatra’s favorite food, the sweet, purple fruits are sexy in both appearance and texture. For obvious reasons, they’ve been a synonym in erotic literature for female sexual organs. To the ancient Greeks, they were “more precious than gold” and many cultures associated figs with fertility. A man breaking open a fig and eating it in front of his lover is a powerful erotic act.

Oysters

This is a given oysters physically resemble the female organ, which is probably why some men find them so visually stimulating. Also, oysters are high in zinc so they help improve your lover’s sexual potency. The Romans placed the oyster high on their list of prized aphrodisiacs. Casanova, the legend goes, would eat 50 raw oysters for breakfast. Yet interestingly, oysters are high in zinc, which is necessary for sperm production.

Chocolate

Chocolate also helps the brain produce feel-good serotonin. Be sure to indulge in the dark variety—it contains incredible amounts of antioxidants, whereas milk chocolate is just that: milk and sugar with trace amounts of cocoa. Chocolate has phenylethylamine and serotonin, two chemicals that light up pleasure areas in the brain. Chocolate is similar to sex in that it makes you feel good. This doesn’t imply, and no studies have shown that chocolate increases sexual desire. Hershey’s Kisses might lead to kisses, but the passion was likely firmly in place beforehand.

Red Wine

Not only is red wine good for the heart – it’s also rich in resveratrol, a form of antioxidant which increases estrogen production. A glass or two of wine can greatly enhance a romantic interlude. Wine relaxes and helps to stimulate our senses. Drinking wine can be an erotic experience. Let your eyes feast on the color of the liquid. Caress the glass, savor the taste on your lips. Do remember that excessive alcohol will make you too drowsy for the after-dinner romance. A moderate amount of wine has been said to “arouse” but much more than that amount with have the reverse affect.

Champagne

Champagne is considered to be one of the world’s most potent aphrodisiacs. This effervescent wine can only be produced distinctly in the Champagne region of France. Any other bubbly is simply referred to as a sparkling wine. The delicate bubbles reach the blood stream more rapidly than still wine. Therefore, most people tend to feel it’s euphoric effects more quickly. A romantic night with champagne is more than what it looks like!!! Champagne is considered the “drink of love,” not only because of the romantic touch it adds to the dinner date but also because champagne like other alcohols can reduce your inhibition and as they say, get into the groove!!!

Peaches

The appearance of plump, juicy and mouth-watering peaches already provides a highly sexual image. Aside from that, these luscious fruits have vitamin A which in turn produces healthy, touchable skin – the largest erogenous zone in the human body! The peach’s finest attributes are actually in its kiss. Packed with vitamins and primary nutrients, peaches offer potassium, phosphorus, iron, A and C-all key ingredients to enhance “performance.”

Shiitake Lentinula  edodes

Shiitake is native to East Asia, specifically China. The species has been cultivated for over a thousand years in both China and Japan. Its good flavor and pleasant texture contribute to continued growth in consumer demand and expanding cultivation. Shiitake mushroom is one of the most popular mushrooms in the world. The shiitake contains abundant protein, microelement, vitamin, etc. Many kinds of nutritional components that human body needed. The shiitake protein contains 18 kinds of aminophenol, among which 9 kinds are necessary to human body.

Scientists have isolated substances from Shiitake which may play a role in the cure and prevention of heart disease, cancer, and AIDS. It exhibits strong immune responses and has been extensively studied for use with cancers and viral infections. Shiitake Mushrooms contain a polysaccharide called “lentinan” that has proven to stop or slow the growth of cancerous tumors in animals. Another component, activated hexose-containing compound, is also said to reduce tumor activity and lessen the side effects of cancer treatment. The mushrooms also contain the compound eritadenine, which is thought to lower cholesterol by blocking the way cholesterol is absorbed into the bloodstream. This mushroom contains a variety of constituents that have demonstrated many actions including anti-tumor, liver protecting, anti-viral, immune modulation, and blood pressure lowering. Its extract is a powerful anti-fungal agent, used effectively to treat candida albicans. It is thought that lentinan enhances the immune system’s ability to fight infection.

Silver-Ear Tremella  fuciformis

This species produces a white, lobed, irregularly shaped fruiting body. It is a species that has been long utilized as a “herb” to cure many ailments. In old pharmacological, Chinese books, it is said to cure tuberculosis, high blood pressure, the common cold and to extend life expectancy. However, it is also considered a delicacy and, prior to its cultivation, was affordable only for the tables of the rich.

It  is a rich source of dietary fiber and vitamin D. And used as a nerve tonic and a skin tonic for healthy complexions. It is also very rich in Dietary Fiber. According to traditional Chinese medicine Tremella fuciformis nourishes the lung, stomach and kidney, strengthens the bones, helps maintain ideal weight. Other function of Tremella fuciformis are Anti-oxidization, restrain hepatitis, reduce bolld sugar and etc.

Hoelen Poria cocos

Poria cocos is a very old and widely used herb especially in Chinese medicine. Poria cocos has been traditionally used as a tonic to benefit the internal organs. Also known as the Indian potatoe as European settlers saw American Indians digging the mushroom out of the ground. Uses: sooths the heart, strengthens and increases vital energy and calms agitation; anti-tumor; diuretic and is known to cure edema; anti-inflammatory activity that may be useful for psoriasis. Poria cocos also lowers blood sugar levels, and has anti-bacterial, immunotonic and anti-cancer effects. Its different parts have different functions.

Cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis

Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi that includes about 400 described species. All Cordyceps species are endoparasitoids, mainly on insects and other arthropods (they are thus entomopathogenic fungi); a few are parasitic on other fungi. Cordyceps is a diverse supplement. It is used to promote energy and endurance, as well as for issues relating to respiratory health, kidney health, immune health, occasional fatigue and adrenal fatigue.

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Reishi Ganoderma lucidum Reishi mushrooms

Reishi mushrooms grow wild on decaying logs and tree stumps in the coastal provinces of China. The fruiting body of the mushroom is employed medicinally. Reishi occurs in six different colors, but the red variety is most commonly used and commercially cultivated in North America, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Reishi contains several constituents, including sterols, coumarin, mannitol, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids. Ganoderic acids seem to help lower blood pressure as well as decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels. These specific triterpenoids also help to reduce blood platelets from sticking together—an important factor in lowering the risk for coronary artery disease.

Most Beautiful Mushrooms
This is not a mushroom you want to mess around with

]]> http://www.besthealthsecret.com/mushrooms-who-found-their-purpose-in-medicine/feed/ 0 http://www.besthealthsecret.com/phobia-which-significantly-affects-quality-of-life/ http://www.besthealthsecret.com/phobia-which-significantly-affects-quality-of-life/#comments Tue, 20 Oct 2009 15:23:01 +0000 Admin http://www.besthealthsecret.com/?p=244 Most sufferers are surprised to learn that they are far from alone in this surprisingly common, although often unspoken, phobia.

Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety

Cherophobia is a fear of having fun. A persistent, fear of gaiety that compels one to avoid it, despite the awareness and reassurance that it is not dangerous. Cherophobia is usually caused by an intense negative experience from your past. But your mind can also create that fear seemingly without basis. Cherophobia is known by a number of different names: Fear of Gaiety, Fear of Happiness, Fear of Happy, Fear of Joy, Gaiety Fear, Gaiety Phobia, Happiness Fear, Happiness Phobia, Happy Fear, Happy Phobia, Joy Fear, Joy Phobia, Phobia of Gaiety, Phobia of Happiness, Phobia of Happy, Phobia of Joy

Euphobia- Fear of hearing good news

Euphobia is the name of the phobia relating to the fear of good news or hearing good news. Sounds really tough. Euphobia is usually caused by an intense negative experience from your past. But your mind can also create that fear seemingly without basis. The key is digging down to the source and replacing negative associations with positive ones. One of the psychological treatments, if I may call it so, involved the exposure of the subject to light-hearted pieces of news, gradually increasing the “goodness level” until he/she would get more familiar with and less scared of them.

Geliophobia- Fear of laughter

Geliophobia or also known as fear of laughter is a very common phobia with many people. The geliophobic individual may fear that they will laugh or smile at inappropriate times. Some people coping with this phobia may find jokes, comedies, and funny situations or people a source of anxiety. Geliophobic individuals may fear laughter, in general, may be intensely fearful of their own laughter or may fear the laughter of specific people. As is the case with all phobias, the person impacted by Geliophobia has experienced a trauma at some time in their life.

Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure

Hedonophobia is the fear of feeling or having pleasure. Hedonophobia is an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. While adults with hedonophobia realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing, or even thinking about facing, the feared situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety.  It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events and internal predispositions. Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age.

Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society

Anthropophobia, also known as sociophobia, is an abnormal and persistent fear of people often caused by a negative past experience. Sufferers from anthropophobia experience undue anxiety about encountering or being attacked by people. This phobia can become quite irrational if left untreated. The most effective way to completely free yourself of the fear of people is to re-programme your mind by using effective self-hypnosis methods. Anthropophobia is an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger.

Malayan pit viper

This snake has long fangs, is ill-tempered, and is responsible for many bites. Its venom is hemotoxic, destroying blood cells and tissue, but a victim’s chances of survival are good with medical aid. This viper is a ground dweller that moves into many areas in search of food. The greatest danger is in stepping on the snake with bare feet.

The venom of the Malayan Pit viper has been found to have important medical significance. Researchers discovered that the blood of people who had been bitten by this snake did not clot normally for several days thereafter. A protein in the venom triggers this anti-platelet activity. Medical researchers recognized that this side effect of the venom might have benefit in the treatment of stroke victims. Hence, the venom became the focus of research for the development of pharmaceutical products.  A purified form of Malayan Pit Viper venom, registered with the trademark “Arvin”, has been used successfully to thin blood. Not only does it dissolve blood clots, it also triggers the human body’s own clot dissolving mechanism. Drugs derived from the Malayan Pit Viper venom differ from other therapies in as much as the previous drugs had to be administered within three hours of the onset of the stroke. Drugs manufactured from this snake’s venom are effective when administered as long as six hours after onset of stroke, thus doubling the time frame for effective therapy.

King cobras

King cobras can reach 18 feet (5.5 meters) in length, making them the longest of all venomous snakes. When confronted, they can raise up to one-third of their bodies straight off the ground and still move forward to attack. They will also flare out their iconic hoods and emit a bone-chilling hiss that sounds almost like a growling dog.

Their venom is not the most potent among venomous snakes, but the amount of neurotoxin they can deliver in a single bite—up to two-tenths of a fluid ounce (seven milliliters)—is enough to kill 20 people, or even an elephant. Fortunately, king cobras are shy and will avoid humans whenever possible, but they are fiercely aggressive when cornered.  Today, Cobra venom is being studied for treating various forms of pain, cancers, autoimmune and neurological disorders. The Nutra Pharma subsidiary, ReceptoPharm, and other researchers have definitively proven that cobra venom contains constituents that control pain and inflammation. Researchers in China are examining the possibility that cobra venom can be used to treat drug addiction. The National Cancer Institute in Italy has participated in Chinese clinical trials to assess the efficacy of Cobra toxins in controlling post operative pain and moderate to severe cancer pain.

Black mamba

The Black Mamba is the most deadly snake in the world. They grow 14 feet in length, and can travel at speeds of up to 12 mph. They have a head shaped like a coffin. The Black Mamba is not actually black. They have a brownish-gray body with a light belly and brownish scales along its back. It gets its name from the color of the lining of its mouth, which is purple-black, and which it displays when threatened.

Black Mambas venom contains powerful, fast-acting neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, including calciseptine.  Calcoseptine contains 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and is one of the main culprits for the Black Mambas prey to stop pumping blood through its veins.  If the victim does not receive medical attention, symptoms rapidly progress to severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath), and paralysis. Eventually, the victim experiences convulsions, respiratory arrest, coma, and then death. Without antivenom, the mortality rate is nearly 100%, the highest among venomous snakes. The venom of what some consider the fastest snake in the world is of special interest to the medical community and has been used in at least one pharmaceutical medicine called Calciseptine. The therapeutic value of the Black Mamba venom is said to be an inhibitor of cardiac contractions and a smooth muscle relaxant.

Inland taipan

Although the inland taipan has the most lethal venom of any snake in the world, it is placid and shy. However, if cornered and/or provoked, it holds it’s body in low, flat, S-shaped curves with it’s head pointed straight at the disturber. It usually makes a single bite, or a few fast ones.

The Inland Taipan has neurotoxic venom that could potentially kill an adult human in 45 minutes. There have been no documented human fatalities; bites were treated using antivenom. The venom of the inland taipan is primarily neurotoxic, so bites result in overwhelming effects on the nervous system. This may include in rapid respiratory paralysis, and death. Although they are rarely encountered, because of their secretive life habits, these are truly one of the most dangerous snakes in the world. Taipans are ‘milked’ of their venom by getting them to inject venom into a jar through a rubber cover. The venom is used to make medicine to help save people who are bitten by a taipan. The procoagulants in the venom of the inland taipan are used to activate prothrombin to alpha thrombin. The anticoagulants are used to prevent interference of immunoglobins which interfere with phospholipid dependent in vitro coagulation tests.

Snake venoms have great potential for medical use because of the wide variety of compounds they contain and the specific action of each compound . Although no medical preparation derived directly from snake venom is used now in the United States , a few such compounds are used in Asia , Europe , and Latin America for treatment of blood disorders . Nowhere is a whole venom used as a medicine ; instead , specific components are extracted .
Beat-blockers-drugs widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases-owe their discovery to research on Bothrops venoms . These venoms contain a peptide that interrupts the activity of an enzyme involved in hypertension (high blood pressure) . Two analgesics derive from cobra venom : Cobroxin is used like morphine to block nerve transmission , and Nyloxin reduces severe arthritis pain . Arvin , an extract of the Malayan pitviper (Calloselasma) , is an effective anticoagulant (it inhibits the formation of blood cloths) .
Venom components are also used in basic research in physiology , biochemistry , and immunology . By retarding or speedin

Nightmares tend to occur during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. There are five stages of sleep that make up one sleep cycle. You normally complete four to six sleep cycles in one night. The fifth stage of each cycle is called REM sleep. With normal sleep patterns, people cycle though the five sleep stages about every 90 minutes. REM sleep makes up about 20-25% of your total sleep time. The first REM period tends to last for only a few minutes. The REM stage gets longer during each sleep cycle. Your last period of REM sleep may last as long as an hour. This means that nightmares are more likely to occur in the last third of the night. Nightmares that arise due to a trauma can also occur in earlier, non-REM stages of sleep. They may depict some of the events from the trauma. They may even replay the event in the dreamer’s mind. Nightmare disorder can be confused with sleep terrors or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). A person having a sleep terror often screams, kicks, thrashes and even bolts out of bed. He can be very hard to wake up. When he does, he is very confused. He only recalls fragments of a dream. Sleep terrors tend to occur in the first third of the night. RBD involves a person acting out his dream. It can even result in physical injury. It is most common in middle-aged men.

In both adults and children, nightmares and night terrors can be caused by unresolved psychological conflicts or traumatic events. They are a frequent feature of post-traumatic stress disorder. Emotional traumas that disturb the sleep of children can be overlooked easily by adults – such as the loss of a favorite toy or overhearing a loud argument between parents.

But sometimes you might have a nightmare for no reason at all.

Historic use of term :  Such nightmares were widely considered to be the work of demons and more specifically incubi, which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. In Old English the name for these beings was mare or mære , hence comes the mare part in nightmare. The word might be etymologically cognate to Hellenic /Mar?n/ and Sanskrit /M?ra/ .

Folk belief in Newfoundland, South Carolina and Georgia describe the negative figure of the Hag who leaves her physical body at night, and sits on the chest of her victim. The victim usually wakes with a feeling of terror, has difficulty breathing because of a perceived heavy invisible weight on his or her chest, and is unable to move i.e., experiences sleep paralysis. This nightmare experience is described as being “hag-ridden” in the Gullah lore. The “Old Hag” was a nightmare spirit in British and also Anglophone North American folklore.